Eyecare

In our fast-paced, screen-centric world, the urge to rub our eyes is something that happens often for many of us. However, what starts as a simple, seemingly harmless reflex could have potentially detrimental effects on our eye health.

On that note, let's explore the root causes that drive us to reach for our eyes and the potential risks associated with this common act.

Why do we rub our eyes in the first place?

Rubbing our eyes may feel instinctive, but there's more to this action than meets the eye.

Various factors trigger the desire to rub, ranging from physical irritations to emotional responses. Understanding these reasons can help us make more informed decisions regarding our eye health. Here are some common factors that give us the urge to rub our eyes:

Dry eyes

When our eyes aren't sufficiently lubricated, they can become dry, itchy, and uncomfortable. Our natural impulse is to rub them, in hopes of stimulating tear production and restoring moisture. However, the temporary relief will only lead to greater dryness and irritation later.

Tired eyes

Our eyes can feel heavy and weary after a long day or inadequate sleep. Rubbing tired eyes is an instinctive response, as the pressure can stimulate the release of endorphins, providing momentary relief from discomfort and stress.

Allergies trigger a release of histamines that cause eye itchiness, and rubbing them can be a reflexive response for relief.

Allergies

Allergic reactions to pollen, dust, or pet dander can cause our eyes to become red, itchy, and swollen. To alleviate these symptoms, you may find yourself often rubbing your eyes, unintentionally introducing more allergens and worsening the inflammation.

Foreign objects

When debris or small particles enter our eyes, our first reaction is to rub them to remove the irritant. However, rubbing can cause foreign objects to scratch the cornea or become more deeply embedded, potentially leading to more severe complications.

Emotional distress

Psychological factors like stress and anxiety can also trigger the urge to rub our eyes. This action serves as a coping mechanism, offering a temporary relief from emotional discomfort by releasing endorphins and a sense of self-soothing.

Using digital devices without any breaks can cause discomfort and fatigue, which may prompt us to rub our eyes.

Eye strain

Prolonged exposure to screens, reading, or other visually demanding tasks can put a lot of strain on our eyes. This may prompt you to rub your eyes in an attempt to get short-term relief, as the pressure applied helps relax eye muscles and alleviate tension.

Is rubbing your eyes bad?

While it may seem harmless, rubbing your eyes can lead to various issues that negatively impact your eye health and appearance. Here are some key reasons why rubbing your eyes is bad for you:

Rubbing your eyes can transfer bacteria and other germs from your hands onto your eyes.

Eye infections

Our hands are a breeding ground for bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. When you rub your eyes, these harmful microorganisms can quickly transfer to the eye area, increasing the risk of infections such as conjunctivitis (pink eye) or styes.

Corneal abrasions

The delicate surface of the cornea can quickly become scratched or damaged when rubbed with force or when a foreign object is present. These abrasions cause pain and discomfort and can lead to more severe complications like corneal ulcers or scarring, potentially impairing your vision.

Eye pressure

Rubbing your eyes can temporarily increase intraocular pressure, which may lead to long-term issues for individuals predisposed to eye conditions like glaucoma. If left untreated, the elevated pressure can harm the optic nerve, leading to a decline in vision.

Rubbing your eyes can lead to the stretching and breakdown of the fragile skin around it.

Wrinkles

The skin around our eyes is thin and sensitive, making it more prone to developing fine lines and wrinkles. The repeated pressure and friction caused by rubbing your eyes can accelerate the aging process, leading to the formation of crow's feet and other visible signs of aging.

Dark circles

Rubbing your eyes can cause blood vessels beneath the thin skin to break, leading to dark circles and discoloration. Additionally, rubbing can exacerbate puffiness and inflammation, making dark eye circles appear more prominent as a result.

Given these potential risks, it's safe to say that rubbing your eyes can do more harm than good. By addressing the root causes of what's making your eyes uncomfortable and seeking alternative methods for relief, you can protect your eyes and keep them healthy for longer.

But, what else can I do?

Instead of rubbing your eyes, here are some safer and more efficient ways to alleviate discomfort.

Eye drops can alleviate discomfort by giving your eyes much-needed moisture.

1. Eye drops

If you experience dryness, itchiness, or eye irritation, using over-the-counter artificial tears or lubricating eye drops can offer immediate relief. These drops help replenish the eye's moisture and create a protective barrier to alleviate discomfort.

2. Cold compress

Applying a cold compress to your eyes can minimize inflammation, soothe irritation, and alleviate eye strain. To make one, simply wrap an ice pack or a bag of frozen peas in a clean cloth and gently place it over your closed eyes for a few minutes.

3. Blinking

Blinking frequently can help redistribute the tear film across the eye's surface, relieving dryness and discomfort. Try to be mindful of blinking when you're using digital devices or engaging in visually demanding tasks so that you don't keep your eyes open for longer than you should.

4. Eye massages

Gently massaging the area around your eyes can help alleviate tension and reduce the urge to rub. Using your fingertips, apply light pressure in circular motions on your closed eyelids, the brow bone, and the temples. This technique not only helps relax the muscles around your eyes but also improves blood circulation and provides a calming effect.

5. Remove contact lenses

If you wear contact lenses, removing them when your eyes feel irritated can help prevent further discomfort. Contacts can sometimes exacerbate dryness and irritation, so giving your eyes a break and switching to prescription glasses can be beneficial.

How to prevent the urge to rub eyes

Preventing yourself from rubbing your eyes starts with knowing how to protect your eyes and reduce your chances of discomfort. Here are some practical tips:

1. Be mindful of the habit

Breaking the habit of eye rubbing starts with consciously avoiding the action. When you feel the urge, remind yourself of the potential damage it can cause and opt for one of the safer alternatives mentioned earlier.

2. Keep eyes hydrated

Even when your eyes don't feel dry or irritated, make it a habit to use lubricating eye drops or artificial tears to maintain adequate moisture in your eyes.

Getting enough sleep can help reduce eye dryness and irritation.

3. Get enough sleep

Ensure you're getting sufficient rest each night, as a lack of sleep can contribute to eye strain and fatigue. Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep to keep your eyes feeling refreshed and revitalized.

4. Treat your allergies

If you suffer from allergies, it's best to explore treatment options with your healthcare provider. Managing your allergies effectively can reduce eye-related symptoms and reduce your urge to rub your eyes.

5. Use proper lighting

Making sure your work area is well-lit and free from glare can reduce strain on your eyes. Whenever possible, use natural light to illuminate your space. You should also adjust the brightness and contrast settings on your devices so that the screen doesn't hurt your eyes.

6. Take breaks from screens

Taking regular breaks from staring at a screen is crucial for maintaining good eye health. It can help reduce eye strain, dryness, and fatigue, which are common issues for people who spend a lot of time on their computers or smartphones. Make it a habit to take short breaks every 20 minutes or so to stretch, walk around, and give your eyes a much-needed rest.

7. Remember the 20-20-20 rule

It's advisable to take a break of 20 seconds after every 20 minutes of screen work and shift your gaze. To further protect your eyes from screen-related discomfort, consider using blue light glasses that filter out harmful blue light from digital screens.

Protect your eyes for a clearer future

we must resist the urge to rub our eyes, especially when we consider all the potential risks involved like eye infections, corneal abrasions, or even blindness.

Remember, there are always healthier ways to ease discomforts, like eye drops, cold compresses, or gentle massages.

To reduce the urge of rubbing your eyes in the first place, practice self-awareness, look into proper eye care, and make the necessary lifestyle changes, like getting a good night's sleep, treating allergies, and taking breaks from staring at screens.

As challenging as shifting your mindset may be, it's worth it to make sure your eyes stay in great shape for the long haul.

VR, or virtual reality, is all the rage right now. But, considering how it works, is VR bad for your eyes? After all – VR headsets place their lenses and images so close to your eyes!

If you feel that's impacted your vision, let's explore some possible reasons and see how to prevent that from happening.

Experiencing an alternate reality with VR

Virtual reality can confuse your eyes and brain.

Before we examine how it can affect your eyes, how exactly does VR work?

Standing for 'Virtual Reality', VR is a popular tool used to create an immersive digital environment you can richly experience using a special headset.

It's a relatively new technology, but it's been making waves. You'll see VR being used to its full potential in these fields:

• Interactive education
• Hands-on simulation and training
• Healthcare, specifically with mental health, physical therapy, and visual training
• Entertainment, like interactive films and games

When you put on a VR headset, you get two mini LCD screens in front of each eye, projecting a stereoscopic effect. Thus, it visually immerses you into the virtual world, even if you don't move physically. Sounds great, doesn't it?

However, it doesn't feel that great once you use it for an extended time. VR headsets make it hard for your eyes to focus on objects up close. Your eyes are looking at flat screens, but your brain is trying to process what you see as a realistic, in-depth world.

In short, it's confusing for your eyes and brain. Plus, the LCD screens are close to your eyes, more directly exposing you to blue light all the time.

As a result, VR headsets can tire out your eye muscles. A 2019 study found that people have experienced eye fatigue during and after using VR headsets. It can also cause motion sickness, dizziness, and nausea.

VR really isn't so eye-friendly

Using a VR headset can lead to eye fatigue.

While it's a fascinating piece of tech, VR could be more friendly for your eyes. Many people still experience the following symptoms after using those magical 3D goggles.

• Eye strain or fatigue
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Motion sickness and disorientation
• Dry and sore eyes
• Redness and irritation
• Increased sensitivity to bright lights
• Blurry vision
• Double vision
• Headaches
• Neck and shoulder pain

Too much screen time can be bad for your eyes; the same goes for VR. Light exposure at short distances can make you struggle to focus on nearby virtual objects. You can just imagine the mental overload it might cause.

Even worse is that adverse reactions to VR still need to be fully documented. However, there's an undeniable link between screen time and chronic eye problems.

In 2020, a VR developer named Danny Bittman admitted that his long-term use of a VR headset worsened his vision. He got diagnosed with a 'new eye convergence problem that acts like dyslexia,' making him worried about the future.

At the very least, if you have to use your VR headset, wear it alongside a pair of blue light glasses. This type of specs can protect your eyes from constant blue light and lower the risk of you getting blurry or double-vision.

4 tips to improve eye safety when using VR

Don't go into virtual reality for too long–or your eyesight might suffer.

Staring at the glowing screens of your VR headset can set your eye health back in unexpected ways. So, make sure to take note of these practical tips on how to use VR safely.

1. Follow the 20-20-20 rule

The Canadian Association of Optometrists recommends the 20-20-20 rule when you take a break from VR. For every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break while staring at an object that's 20 feet away.

It's a unique rule, but it emphasizes how much time off you need from VR. Avoid using the headset too long, or you'll risk getting computer vision syndrome. And try not to use it daily, especially if you already feel the side effects.

2. Read the manual and consult your physician before using VR

VR headsets usually come with a complete manual and product warnings. If you already have a pre-existing condition, check the manual first and see if you're clear.

And if you're not sure, call your doctor for help. As a general rule of thumb, VR headsets can be risky if you're pregnant, elderly, have a medically implanted device, or have a history of seizures.

3. Make your VR experience as comfortable as you can

Don't forget to adjust your VR headset.

With the expensive purchase, you'll be eager to try your VR headset. Creating a better experience can involve several steps.

• Adjust the headset position so it doesn't restrict your head and vision.
• Check if the headset isn't showing double or blurry vision. If it is, adjust the headset's viewing focus.
• Keep the lights on in your room, so you won't feel too disoriented once you take the headset off.
• Don't use the VR headset when you're tired, sick, or under emotional stress.
• Wear your prescription glasses and VR headset for a safe and clearer viewing experience.

4. Keep your eyes healthy and safe while using VR

Prevention is often better than cure, and you should always remember that once you put on your VR headsets. After all, it's surprisingly easy to immerse yourself in the 3D world it offers.

First off, maintain proper hygiene. Clean the headset every once in a while, and wipe off the lenses too. You might not know it, but these things can accumulate a lot of dirt and bacteria in close contact with your eyes.

Also, remember it may help to do some eye exercises before or after using a VR headset. While it might be fun, wearing the headset can be pretty exhausting. So, relax your eyes and slowly build up the strength in your eye muscles so that you can focus better next time.

Lastly, make an appointment with your eye doctor on a routine basis. Don't wait until the side effects of VR get worse.

Let your eye doctor know how often you use your new VR headsets and how it affects you. They can advise you on what to do next and what type of glasses you need to protect your eyes.

Always be cautious when using VR

Virtual reality is a big world full of potential, and people will eventually use it more. But as you get familiar with it, don't let your eye health sit on the back burner.

Remember, using VR means exposing your eyes to short-distance blue light while your brain struggles to focus on the virtual world. It can be draining, to the point of eye fatigue and other symptoms.

As you get into this new tech, use VR safely and responsibly, and only for short periods.

Now that you've gotten your brand new pair of glasses, you can finally bid goodbye to the days of squinting at signs and potentially familiar faces.

The only issue now is every time you put on your glasses, the room starts to spin…

Firstly – don't panic! Whilst it's common to feel dizzy after switching to a new pair of glasses (even if you've worn glasses before), the dizziness nearly always goes away within a few days.

Adjusting to a new pair of glasses can be tricky, which is why we've compiled all you need to know about it here. We'll be talking about why new glasses can cause dizziness, and share some tips to alleviate the worst of the symptoms.

Why do my new glasses make me feel dizzy?

There can be several reasons why new glasses can make you feel dizzy. The most common answer is that your brain is still adjusting to them.

Think about it. Just like how our bodies might take time to adjust to a new mattress without waking up sore, so do our eyes need time to get used to looking at the world through new eyewear. Your eye muscles may have to work overtime or perhaps in a different way than they have before, causing the dizziness you feel now.

The good thing is, our vision is very resilient, so it'll usually only take up to a few days before you can strut around confidently with your new pair of glasses.

That said, there are various other causes unrelated to muscle strain that could be causing dizziness and warrant a check-up with your doctor.

A general rule of thumb is to visit a doctor if the dizziness or any other symptoms persist a week into getting new glasses. We explain more about this at the end of the article.

Other symptoms you may experience when adjusting to new glasses

Mild symptoms are common during the adjustment phase.

In addition to feeling dizzy or slightly off-balance, you may also experience a mix or all of the following symptoms:

• Eye StrainYour eyes may feel tired, or even dry out more often than usual.
• Fish-bowlingThis is when the corners of your vision seem to curve or bend, making it feel like you're looking through a glass or a, you guessed it, fishbowl.
• DistortionObjects or parts of your vision may look like they're moving or shifting slightly as you turn your head or move around.
• HeadachesPeriodical throbbing or a dull ache may occur, especially if you wear your new pair of glasses for long periods.

All of these symptoms are common when adapting to a new pair of glasses, so don't worry if you experience any of them within the adjustment phase.

However, do keep an eye out for symptoms that may not fit into those listed out, such as nausea, pricks of pain, or even extreme or unbearable headaches. These symptoms are not common to get used to new glasses, so if you experience any of these problems, do contact your eye doctor immediately.

When will my eyes adjust to my new glasses?

Adjusting to new glasses is usually just a matter of time!

The good news is that it generally only takes anywhere between a few days to a maximum of two weeks for your eyes to fully adjust to your new glasses. However, do keep in mind that everybody's adjustment period differs.

Usually, you'd feel the worst of it all on the first day. As time wears on, your eyes should adjust accordingly and all of these pesky problems will gradually lessen and disappear.

Here are two different scenarios for adjusting to new glasses:

Scenario 1: New glasses, same lens prescription

If you've gotten glasses with the same lens prescription as your previous eyewear, you might be surprised that you're still feeling a little off-balance or dizzy with the new glasses. However, even tiny, almost seemingly inconsequential details such as differences in frame size and shape may require a short adjustment phase.

Generally, a few days would be enough time for your eyes to adapt to your new glasses. If you take longer to adjust, or if you feel like your discomfort isn't going away with time, you might want to bring them back to your optician for further adjustments so they're more comfortable for use in your daily life.

Scenario 2: New glasses, new lens prescription or type

Adjusting to a new lens prescription or type may require a longer adjustment period. This can include changing to progressive, bifocal or trifocal lenses.

For some, the time needed for adjustment may only be a few days, but for others, it may take up to two weeks for their eyes to completely adapt to their new glasses.

Either way, however, it's important to note that you should gradually feel better and more comfortable with your new glasses as time goes by. If you experience odd persisting symptoms such as constant headaches or nausea, do seek medical attention.

3 tips to help your eyes adjust

During this adjustment period, you must give your eyes and body enough time, space, and rest to ensure that you get used to your new glasses quickly. However, for those who would like to do more to help themselves, here are a few strategies you can use.

Tip #1: Resist the urge to put on your old glasses

The first and possibly one of the best actions you can take for yourself is to just keep away from your old glasses.

It may be comforting and even relieving to reach for your old eyewear, but doing so will only prolong the time you'll need to fully adjust to your new pair of glasses.

For those who can, it's recommended that you only use your new glasses throughout the day, but if that's not possible, it's best to balance out the time you spend wearing both old and new, before gradually weaning off your old glasses.

Of course, do take note that a gradual transition to the new glasses will prolong the adjustment period, so wherever possible, just make a clean break for it and wear your new glasses.

Tip #2: Avoid intensive work during your adjustment period

As you might have already guessed, you should take it easy after you get your new glasses.

During this time, your eyes are already more strained than usual, so any tasks requiring intense concentration may tire you out even quicker than usual.

It's best for you to save intensive work for after your eyes have gotten used to your new glasses, but if you're unable to avoid it, then the next best course of action would be to try to take as many breaks as needed in between.

This brings us to our final tip!

Tip #3: Rest as much as you need

Adjusting to new glasses takes time and patience.

Sometimes all you need are a few days, and your new glasses will feel just like your old pair used to. Other times, it may take up to weeks before you start feeling comfortable.

Either way, do remember to treat yourself with kindness and take regular breaks when needed. Forcing tired eyes to work under stressful conditions, such as in low light or for long hours, would not only put further strain on your body but also potentially even damage your eyes in the long term.

If you have any tools or kits that could help soothe your eyes, such as a cold compress or even eye masks, don't be shy to use them! Every little bit helps, and before you know it, your new glasses will feel just as your old pair did.

When should I call my eye doctor?

Generally, if symptoms persist and do not lessen with time, then it's best to seek the help of your doctor.

This includes if you continue feeling very dizzy or off-balance even after a week of wearing your new glasses, or experience very intense headaches for several days. If you experience symptoms that are not listed as common, such as nausea or actual physical pain, do consult a doctor immediately.

When switching to new glasses, don't be discouraged by the time it takes to fully get comfortable with your glasses. Instead, give yourself the time you need to adjust and you'll be rocking your new look in no time!

When it comes to vision and eye-health-related issues, it can be hard to decide which type of health professional to see. Ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians all specialize in eye care; but who should you see – and for what?

The type of eye professional you see will depend on your needs. If you simply need a new pair of eyeglasses, then you won't be seeing the same person as you would for an eye disease or surgery.

In this article, we will talk about the differences between an ophthalmologist, optometrist, and optician and how to choose the best eye professional for your needs.

A man putting on an ophthalmic trial frame.

What does an ophthalmologist do?

An ophthalmologist [1] is a medically trained doctor specializing in the eye. Ophthalmologists can provide eye examinations and diagnose and treat eye diseases. Ophthalmologists typically specialize in a certain type of eye care. Common specialties include:

• Cataracts and refractive surgeryPerforming cataract removal surgeries and correcting refractive errors (such as short-sightedness) through surgery.
• Cornea and external disease diagnosing and managing patients with diseases affecting the front of the eye.
• GlaucomaDiagnosing and managing patients with glaucoma (an eye disease causing progressive peripheral vision loss). This may involve medications or surgery.
• Neuro-ophthalmologyEye disorders related to the brain or optic nerves of the eye.
• OculoplasticsSurgery involving the eyelid, tear ducts, and orbit of the eye.
• VitreoretinalDiagnosing and managing eye conditions involving the retina (back layer of the eye) or vitreous (gel-like fluid filling the back of the eye).

What does an optometrist do?

The role of an optometrist [2] is to examine the eyes – detecting vision and ocular health-related issues. Optometrists take a postgraduate program (that takes roughly 4 years) where they learn about examination techniques, optics, and pharmacology.

This means that optometrists can prescribe glasses or contact lenses, as well as diagnose and manage various eye conditions. Some of the services offered by optometrists include:

• Routine eye examinations and advice
• Prescribing glasses, contact lenses, and other vision aids
• Diagnosing eye conditions
• Post-surgical eye care
• Prescribing medications to manage eye conditions

Optometrists can prescribe glasses to correct refractive errors, which are issues with focusing light onto the back of the eye due to eye shape. These include myopia (short-sightedness), hyperopia (long-sightedness), astigmatism (blurred vision caused by imperfect curvature of the front of the eye), and presbyopia (reduced focusing ability up close that occurs with age).

Optometrists can also detect eye diseases including:

• Anterior eye diseases (affecting the front of the eye)
• Infections, such as conjunctivitis or keratitis
• Glaucoma
• Cataracts
• Retinal diseases (affecting the back of the eye)
• And many more…

To learn more about the vision and eye health issues an optometrist can diagnose and manage, see our article on the most common vision problems.

For vision and eye health issues, optometrists can prescribe treatment (such as glasses, or medications). In some states, optometrists can also perform minor surgeries, such as foreign body removal or laser eye surgery. If the issue requires additional treatment such as surgery, then the optometrist will refer their patient to an ophthalmologist.

What does an optician do?

An optician's [3] role is to assist you in selecting frames and lenses. Frames will be selected based on your face shape, style, and preferences of color and material. Lenses are dispensed based on your lifestyle needs. Some common lens types include:

A woman trying out a pair of pink glasses frame.

Single vision lenses

These lenses correct your vision using one prescription power. This may be either distance, intermediate, or near vision.

Bifocal lenses

Bifocals correct your vision using two prescription powers (often distance and reading). These lenses have a visible segment for near power.

Progressive lenses

These lenses allow you to see clearly at multiple distances (such as distance, intermediate, and near). Unlike bifocals, progressive lenses do not have a visible line and provide a greater range of clear vision.

When should I see an eye doctor?

It's important to have regular comprehensive eye examinations every 1-2 years, or as recommended by your eye doctor. You should see an eye doctor [4] sooner if you have:

Better safe than sorry – get your eye check regularly.

• Changes to your visionThis may include blurry vision at a distance or near, or difficulty seeing at night. Any haloes in your vision or cloudiness should also be checked out.
• Eye painAny pain in or around your eyes should be checked out by an eye doctor.
• Double vision you have double vision, you may need an updated prescription, or it could be a sign of more serious ocular or neurological conditions.
• An increase in eye floatersThese are often described as black, squiggly lines moving across your vision. This can be normal or can be a sign of something more serious (such as a retinal detachment).
• Blind spots in your vision if you notice black spots, or missing spots in your vision then this can be a sign of ocular conditions (such as glaucoma).
• Flashes of light this usually appear in the corner of your vision and can be a sign of ocular or neurological conditions (such as a retinal detachment or migraine).
• Eye infectionIf you suspect that you have an eye infection, then you should see an eye doctor to receive treatment. This may include discharge from the eye (watery or yellow-white), eye redness and irritation, and discomfort.
• Dry or itchy eyesIf you experience this, you should see an eye doctor to identify the cause of your dry, itchy eyes. Your eye doctor will also advise you of the best management option.
• Eye strain or fatigue is typically a sign that you need an updated prescription.
• HeadachesIf you are getting headaches, it could be a sign that you need a new glasses prescription. In some cases, headaches can also be due to more serious conditions.

How to choose an eye doctor

It's important to look for an eye doctor that will meet your vision and eye health needs. Some things you should consider when choosing an eye doctor [5] include:

Your eye care needs

Your eye doctor should be able to meet your eye care needs, whether that is a comprehensive eye examination or something more complex such as surgery. Before visiting your eye doctor, you should make sure that they can provide you with the services you require.

Many eye doctors specialize in specific conditions, so it's important to double-check that they have the technology and experience to reach your eye needs.

Availability and accessibility

Choosing an eye doctor who is nearby and readily available is preferred. If you have an urgent need to see your eye doctor, then you will be able to book an appointment sooner. In some cases, it is important to get treatment as soon as possible.

The eye doctor's experience and reputation

Finding a knowledgeable eye doctor with a lot of experience will make you feel more at ease when having your eye examination. It's a good idea to talk to friends and family about who they see to get a better idea of the reputation of local eye doctors.

Glasses collection

Larger practices typically have a wider selection of glasses available for you to buy. If you want a better range of glasses to choose from, then it is a good idea to look for a bigger, more well-known practice.

As well as having regular eye examinations with your eye doctor, there are many ways you can keep your eyes healthy by yourself. See our article for 7 tips to keep your eyes healthy.

References

• 'What Is an Ophthalmologist?', Verywell Health
• 'Optometrist vs. Ophthalmologist: What's the Difference?', Healthline
• 'Optician', Cleveland Clinic
• '10 Signs You Should See an Eye Doctor, Now!', Optometrists Network
• ' Finding an Eye Doctor', National Eye Institute

Seeing red dots under your eyes and lowkey panicking? We're here to help.

In the medical world, those little red dots are called petechiae. They can appear on the skin due to a variety of factors. While they're often harmless and go away on their own, they can also indicate underlying health issues that do require medical attention.

Let's look closely at petechiae, its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and ways to prevent it.

What are the red dots under your eyes called?

Petechiae often appears like a rash and can be either red or purple. Source: The BMJ

Petechiae appear when the blood vessels in the skin break. This causes blood to leak into the surrounding tissues.

They usually appear as pin-sized red or purple spots. Besides under the eyes, petechiae can also be seen on other body parts, such as the legs, arms, and chest. It's important not to confuse petechiae with red eyes — a condition that causes the whites of the eyes to appear red due to blood vessels dilating. Petechiae, on the other hand, occur under the skin and are mostly unrelated to vision issues.

So, what causes petechiae to form? Several factors can contribute to their appearance, ranging from minor issues like allergies or mild trauma to more severe conditions like infections or blood disorders.

What causes petechiae?

Scratching can put pressure on the skin, causing tiny blood vessels to rupture and leak.

Injury to the skin

Things like pinching, scratching, or even sunburns cause trauma or injury to the skin, which can cause petechiae to form.

Straining

Any activity that puts pressure on the body can cause petechiae to form, such as coughing, vomiting, heavy lifting, and even giving birth.

Viral infections

Certain viral infections, including endocarditis and cytomegalovirus, can cause petechiae.

Blood & immune disorders

Specific blood and immune disorders can lead to the development of petechiae. These include leukemia, vasculitis, and thrombocytopenia.

Allergies to medications

Some medications, particularly certain antidepressants, and antibiotics, can cause an allergic reaction in the form of petechiae.

How to know when to see a doctor about petechiae

If you see petechiae on your skin, it's important to look out for any other symptoms that may be present as they could indicate more serious underlying health issues. Some signs to watch out for include the following:

If you experience accompanying symptoms like fever and trouble breathing, seek medical attention right away.

If you have a fever

In some cases, petechiae can come with a fever. This could be a sign of an infection or other underlying conditions. It could indicate a bacterial or viral infection, such as streptococcal pharyngitis, meningococcemia, or dengue fever.

Petechiae can be a sign of illnesses that affect the blood, such as leukemia or a condition called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, or illnesses that affect the entire body, such as lupus.

If you have trouble breathing

If you're experiencing shortness of breath, chest pain, or other respiratory symptoms with petechiae, it can indicate a more serious condition such as pneumonia or sepsis.

Loss of consciousness

If you're feeling faint, dizzy, or have lost consciousness, it could be a sign of a severe condition like meningitis or sepsis.

It's also worth noting that petechiae are more common in children than adults. While those red dots can be a sign of a serious underlying condition, they're usually a direct effect of mild trauma or viral infections and are harmless.

Are there treatments for petechiae?

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to clear up a bacterial infection that's causing petechiae.

Medical treatments to consider

If petechiae is caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to clear up the infection and prevent more petechiae from developing.

If it is caused by an immune system disorder such as vasculitis, doctors may prescribe immunosuppressants to ease inflammation instead.

On the other hand, if the petechiae reveal a cancer diagnosis like leukemia, chemotherapy will be recommended instead to destroy cancer cells and prevent further petechiae from forming.

However, suppose you're experiencing other symptoms that aren't listed above or are simply concerned by their appearance, it's always safest to consult a medical professional.

At-home treatments for petechiae

While medical treatment may be necessary for some cases, there are also a few at-home remedies that may reduce their appearance and alleviate discomfort.

If your petechiae are caused by an injury, a cold compress could help alleviate swelling and prevent further petechiae.

• Cold compresses
  A cold compress on the affected area may help decrease inflammation and relieve pain or discomfort.
  
• Pain relievers
  Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may help relieve any pain or discomfort associated with petechiae.
  
• Extra fluids and rest
  Staying hydrated and getting plenty of rest can help support your body's natural healing processes and reduce the risk of further petechiae forming.
  
• Avoiding activities that cause pressure
  Pause activities that put pressure on the body, like heavy lifting or straining.
  

Take note: at-home remedies should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment, especially if you have other symptoms accompanying petechiae. When in doubt, always consult a medical professional for guidance.

How to prevent petechiae

Here are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing petechiae.

• Practice good hygiene
  Regularly washing your hands and practicing good hygiene can help reduce your risk of developing infections that may cause petechiae.
  
• Avoid sick people with infectious illnesses
  If you know someone with an infectious disease, it's best to avoid close contact with them until they're no longer contagious.
  

While petechiae itself is not contagious, the underlying illness that causes it may be.

• Clean surfaces that are touched often
  Cleaning surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs and tables, can help reduce the spread of germs and prevent infections.
  
• Use insect repellent in grassy and wooded areas
  If you often spend time in grassy or wooded areas, use insect repellent to help reduce your risk of insect bites, which can sometimes cause petechiae.
  
• Avoid sharing items
  Sharing items like utensils, towels, or drinking glasses can increase your risk of developing infections that may cause petechiae.
  

Although these tips do not ensure that you won't develop petechiae, they can lower your risk of contracting infections or developing underlying conditions that may lead to them.

Spotting petechiae: what it could be telling you

Seek medical assistance immediately if you notice other symptoms with your petechiae. Source: My Vision

In conclusion, petechiae are small red or purple spots that may appear on the skin due to various factors. Although they're typically harmless and tend to go away on their own in time, petechiae can be a sign of other health issues that may require medical attention.

While petechiae is usually not a symptom of vision issues, it never hurts to keep your eyes healthy. It is strongly advised to go for regular eye exams as well to detect any potential issues early on.

References

• 'Petechiae', Healthline.
• 'Symptoms: Petechiae', Mayo Clinic.
• 'What to know about petechiae', Medical News Today.
• 'Petechiae', National Library of Medicine.

Pink eye and styes are sometimes mistaken for one another because they're somewhat similar. However, the causes are different and need the correct treatment to cure. If you're feeling a bit freaked out by an eye bump right now, we can help you.

This article will discuss the difference between two pesky yet common eye conditions: pink eye and styes. Let's spot the signs and symptoms of each, what causes them, and how to treat them.

What makes pink eye and a style different?

At first glance, pink eye and styes are similar. Both can cause redness, watering eyes, and itching. However, the two have fundamental differences that can help you determine which one you're handling.

Pink eye is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection, whereas a stye is due to an infected hair follicle or oil gland in your eyelid. The former is also highly contagious, while the latter is not.

The pink eye often results in redness and swelling of the eye and surrounding area. In contrast, a stye typically presents as a small, red, and painful bump on the edge of your eyelid.

Symptoms of pink eye and stye

Pink eye can affect vision since it causes a stinging sensation and swelling of eyelids. Source: Healthline

Pink eye symptoms

Pink eye (or conjunctivitis) typically causes redness of the eye and surrounding area. The infection generally comes with watery or mucosal discharge from the eye. Other symptoms include itching, burning, a stinging sensation in the eye, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Swelling of the eyelids and crusting of the eyelashes are also typical.

Stye symptoms

A stye can also affect your vision as it often comes with swelling, crusting, and light sensitivity. Source: American Optometric Association

A stye (or hordeolum) usually comes as a red, tender, and painful bump or lump on the eyelid. Eye swelling and discomfort may occur when blinking or touching the affected area. You may also experience crusting along the eyelid margin, eye tearing, and light sensitivity.

What causes pink eye and style?

The main difference between pink eye and styes is the location of the infection or inflammation. Let's examine the differences in closer detail.

Possible causes of pink eye

Pink eye is highly contagious and can easily spread through close contact.

Pink eye is due to viral or bacterial infections,[1] which are highly infectious and can quickly spread through contact.

There are several possible reasons for pink eye, including;

• Some allergic reactions to pollen, dust, or animal dander.
• Irritants like smoke, chemicals, or fumes.
• Wearing contact lenses for an extended period without proper cleaning.

Possible causes of stye

Rubbing your eyes with dirty hands can introduce bacteria and cause styes.

Styes is generally an effect of bacterial infections, particularly by Staphylococcus aureus.[2] Poor hygiene practices such as touching or rubbing eyes with dirty hands and using contaminated makeup or cosmetics are some common causes. Stress [4] can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of getting styes.

Hormonal changes can cause your body to produce more oil, increasing your risk of developing a stye. Other factors that can lead to clogging of the oil glands include certain medical conditions like blepharitis and rosacea.[3]

The different treatments of pink eye and stye

You can treat pink eye and styes with medications or home remedies. However, seeing a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen is essential.

Properly treating pink eye

Eye drops can help relieve pink eye symptoms such as redness, itching, and discharge.

The treatment for pink eye will depend on the underlying cause:

• Viral conjunctivitisStyes usually clear up within 7-14 days and can be managed with over-the-counter eye drops and cold compresses.
• Bacterial conjunctivitisAntibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a doctor can treat styes caused by bacterial infections. They typically clear up within 1-2 weeks.
• Allergic conjunctivitis Using antihistamines, and eye drops and avoiding the allergens that trigger the reaction can help prevent future flare-ups.
• Irritant conjunctivitisStyes can be managed by avoiding the irritant and using cold compresses and artificial tears.

Most cases of pink eye will clear up within 1-2 weeks with proper treatment. However, it's essential to follow your doctor's instructions and complete the entire course of medication, even if your symptoms improve before you finish.

Properly treating a stye

The heat from a warm compress can help a stye drain independently.

For mild styes, warm compresses can help reduce swelling and heal the stye within several days to a week. For styles caused by bacterial infections, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics to improve symptoms within a few days.

A doctor may need to perform incisions and drainage for more severe cases. This process may take you up to a week to fully recover.

Preventing pink eye and stye

Preventing pink eye and styes are vital to avoid the discomfort and inconvenience that these conditions can cause. Here are some tips for preventing:

How to prevent pink eye

Proper hand hygiene can help reduce the risk of spreading viral or bacterial infections that cause pink eye.

• Practice good hygieneFrequent hand washing with soap and water is advisable, particularly before touching your eyes. Avoid sharing towels, washcloths, eye makeup, or contact lenses with others to minimize the risk of infection.
• Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes touching or rubbing your eyes can introduce bacteria and other irritants into the eye area and increase the risk of infection.
• Clean your surroundings regularly and disinfect surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and shared equipment.
• Protect your eyewear safety glasses or goggles to shield your eyes from dust, chemicals, and foreign objects.

Keep your contact lenses clean: Follow proper hygiene and care instructions for your contact lenses, including washing your hands before handling them, cleaning them regularly with appropriate solutions, and replacing them as recommended by your eye doctor.

How to prevent a stye

Properly cleaning and disinfecting your contact lenses can help prevent styes.

• Practice good hygiene just like preventing pink eye, and wash your hands with soap and water—especially before touching your eyes or applying eye makeup.
• Use clean eye makeups fresh eye makeup and replace it regularly, especially mascara and eyeliner, which can harbor bacteria.
• Avoid sharing personal itemsAvoid sharing towels, washcloths, eye makeup, or contact lenses with others to reduce the spread of bacteria and other irritants.
• Keep your contact lenses clean follow proper hygiene and care instructions for your contact lenses, including washing your hands before handling them, cleaning them regularly with appropriate solutions, and replacing them as recommended by your eye doctor.
• Manage underlying medical conditionsSome conditions can increase the risk of developing styes, such as blepharitis, rosacea, or meibomian gland dysfunction.

When to see a doctor about pink eye or stye

While pink eye and styes often go away independently, some severe cases may require medical attention.

For pink eye, if your symptoms do not improve within 48-72 hours of starting a treatment or if they get worse, you should see a doctor.

Other symptoms to note are if you have severe pain, sensitivity to light, or vision changes, you should seek medical attention immediately. If your immune system is compromised from underlying medical conditions such as HIV, cancer, or diabetes, you should see a doctor to prevent serious complications.

If your stye doesn't heal within a few days, increases in size, or causes more pain, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. If you have recurrent styes, you should see a doctor to identify and diagnose the underlying cause to prevent future styes.

Know the difference, get proper treatment

Pink eye and styes can be uncomfortable and even painful, but knowing the symptoms and causes can help you take steps to prevent and treat them. Following good hygiene practices, protecting your eyes, and seeking medical attention can reduce your risk of developing these eye infections.

Additionally, keeping your glasses clean is another essential step in protecting your eyes from harmful bacteria and germs. To help you with this, try this homemade eyeglass cleaner recipe that will only take a few minutes to make.

Knowledge is the best defense against and treatment for pink eye and styes. Taking proactive steps to protect your eyes and seeking medical attention can help keep your eyes healthy and free from infection.

References

• 'Pink eye (conjunctivitis)', Mayo Clinic.
• 'Hordeolum (Stye)', John Hopkins Medicine.
• ' Blepharitis And Ocular Rosacea', The Dry Eye Treatment Center.
• ' Is There a Connection Between Styes and Stress?', Healthline.

They say that eyes are the windows to your soul – easily conveying how you feel or what's on your mind. But eyes are also a good indicator of our overall health.

In this article, we're looking at one of the most overlooked symptoms of underlying health conditions: pinpoint pupils.

More than what meets the eye, right?

What are pinpoint pupils?

Pinpoint pupils (AKA small pupils) are exactly what they sound like pupils that appear abnormally small (or below 2 mm) in normal lighting conditions. This is medically known as miosis or myosis, which comes from the Greek word 'music' or 'to close the eyes'.

How do our pupils normally change size?

As you may already know, our pupils are intrinsically designed to change in size depending on our surroundings. This is our body's natural way of regulating the light that enters our eyes throughout the day. It's not something that you can consciously control or feel, though you might notice changes in your vision.

For instance, when exposed to direct sunlight or any bright light, the pupils constrict (or shrink) to restrict the amount of light that enters. On the other hand, the pupils dilate (or get larger) at night time or under low lighting to help us see better in the dark.

To give you a better picture, an adult pupil should measure 2 – 4 mm under bright light, and approximately 4 – 8 mm in low light.

How much the pupil constricts or dilates in response to light will also vary as you age, as studies have shown that pupil size is largest in adolescence, but gradually shrinks throughout adulthood.

Besides lighting and the natural aging process, other factors affect pupil size, such as the distance of the object that we're focusing on. When looking at nearby objects, our pupil's involuntary shrink, while zeroing in on a faraway object causes our pupils to dilate.

Lastly, pupils may also shift in size depending on their emotional state. For example, when triggered by something that scares or excites you, your pupils get bigger. Whereas in a relaxed state, they shrink back to their natural size.

What are the causes of pinpoint pupils?

So, what happens when your pupils are smaller than usual, or stay small even under dim light? Then it may be the result of one of the conditions below.

1. Medication and drug usage

Oftentimes, prescription drugs for pain relief, such as opioids, can cause pinpoint pupils. The same can also be said for substance abuse such as an overdose of heroin, barbiturates, tobacco, and other drugs.

Treatments that require miotic drugs like pilocarpine, which is used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth, can also cause miosis, as well as medications for hypertension, particularly clonidine and tetrahydrozoline.

2. Stroke, injury, and trauma

Any damage to the eye or brain can cause pinpoint pupils in one or both eyes, which could be a sign of internal problems. That being said, it's important to seek medical attention for any type of head injury as you may not notice side effects from the get-go.

3. Inflammation of the iris

Iritis, or irritation and swelling of the iris, is another condition that can also lead to abnormally small pupils. These can be caused by infectious diseases, as well as lung, skin, gastrointestinal, and rheumatic conditions.

4. Poisoning from toxic chemicals

You can also develop pinpoint pupils from exposure to herbicides, pesticides, and other poisons containing organophosphates. Any type of poisoning can be deadly, so seek treatment as soon as possible to counter the effects before it's too late.

5. Horner syndrome

Also known as Horner-Bernard syndrome or oculosympathetic palsy, Horner syndrome is caused by a problem in the nerve pathway that connects your brainstem to your eyes and face. This condition can be congenital but also caused by trauma or stroke, and usually affects one side of the face.

6. Cluster headaches

Much like their name, cluster headaches come in groups and last for around 30 to 45 minutes, and can happen as frequently as 8 times a day. Other characteristics include severe pain behind or around one eye, but this can sometimes spread to other areas of the face, head, and neck.

What are the symptoms of pinpoint pupils?

Since pinpoint pupils are also a symptom and not a condition, investigating accompanying symptoms can help you figure out the root cause of the problem.

Overdose in opioids and other drugs can produce symptoms like a pale or clammy face, difficulty breathing, nausea or vomiting, purple or blue fingernails, as well as a slow heartbeat.

Symptoms related to injuries, trauma, and stroke include vision problems such as diplopia or double vision, as well as dizziness, balance problems, and slurred speech.

As for inflammation of the iris, it's common to experience light sensitivity, blurry vision, and eye pain along with pinpoint pupils.

Exposure to harmful chemicals can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, rapid pulse, vomiting, and excessive saliva, though some side effects may also be cognitive (e.g. decreased memory, loss of motor function, etc.) so it might be hard to catch. Luckily, your eyes can be a good sign that you may need to seek treatment.

Lastly, those with Horner syndrome may have miosis in one eye, as well as a drooping eyelid, and an inability to sweat on the affected side of the face. Cluster headaches can sometimes produce similar symptoms, particularly drooping eyelids on the same side as the headaches.

What are the treatments for pinpoint pupils?

Even though you aren't experiencing any other symptoms besides pinpoint pupils, it is crucial to see your doctor immediately so they can perform a proper diagnosis. This can prevent more alarming symptoms from appearing, any permanent damage, and other life-threatening complications.

If your current medications are what's causing your pinpoint pupils, then your doctor will most likely prescribe you alternative treatments. But if it's due to substance abuse, then your doctor can help you come up with a strategic plan to safely overcome drug dependence or addiction.

For Horner syndrome, inflammation of the iris, as well as injuries, treatment would depend from case to case. Some may require surgery (especially if a tumor is found), while others can be treated with eye drops and other medicines prescribed by your doctor.

As for pinpoint pupils due to poisoning, treatments would also vary depending on the type of poisoning and the amount of exposure. Some doctors may prescribe antidotes, sedatives, and anti-seizure medications, but if lung function is impaired, then patients would need help from a ventilator while recovering.

Remember – always check up on your eyes

And there you have it! We hope that this blog was able to give you more insight on pinpoint pupils and the importance of keeping tabs on your health—especially your eyes.

For more expert advice, do check out our blog for more health topics, including our best tips on how to find the right glasses prescription for your specific visual needs.

Ever wonder if someone is shooting you a playful look or if their eyes are simply crossed?

Crossed eyes, also known as strabismus, are a condition where the eyes do not align properly. Instead of looking at the same point, one eye may turn inward, outward, upward, or downward. If left untreated, it can lead to greater vision problems.

Let's take a closer look at crossed eyes by getting to know what causes it, how it's diagnosed, and the treatments available.

What causes eye-crossing?

Unequal vision in both eyes can cause eye-crossing. Source: Wikipedia

Poor vision

Eye crossing may occur when one eye has significantly weaker vision than the other. This imbalance causes the brain to favor the stronger eye, often resulting in the weaker eye turning inward or outward. This condition, known as amblyopia or 'lazy eye,' may occur due to cataracts, droopy eyelids, or other factors impairing one eye's vision.

Nerve and muscle disorders

The muscles and nerves that work together to maintain proper alignment of our eyes can be disrupted by certain disorders, resulting in crossed eyes or strabismus. Conditions such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or muscular dystrophy can impact the nerves and muscles that control eye movement.

Brain tumors

Certain brain tumors can lead to eye-crossing. These tumors may directly impact the nerves responsible for eye movement or create pressure on the brain, resulting in misaligned eyes.

Astigmatism leads to blurry or distorted vision and is caused by the irregular shape of an eye's cornea or lens. Source: All About Vision

Refractive errors

This includes nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. When the eyes struggle to focus due to these errors, they may overcompensate and turn inwards or outwards, leading to strabismus.

Head injuries

Trauma to the head may cause damage to the nerves and muscles responsible for eye movement, possibly leading to eye crossing. In such cases, seeking medical attention is crucial to prevent further complications.

What raises the risk of eye-crossing?

Children are more prone to eye-crossing as their visual system is still developing. Source: American Optometric Association

Age

Eye crossing can affect people of all ages, but it is more commonly seen in young children. Around 2-4% of children are affected by strabismus.[1]

Family history

The likelihood of developing eye crossing increases if a close family member, such as a parent or sibling, has previously experienced the condition.

Neurological disorders

People with neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy or Down syndrome, are at a higher risk of developing eye crossing.

Eye injuries may cause eye crossing due to damage to the nerves that control eye movement.

Previous eye injuries

Traumatic injuries to the eye can increase the risk of eye crossing. Damage to the nerves and muscles responsible for eye movement can result in misalignment.

Premature birth

Premature babies have a higher chance of developing eye crossing. This is because the muscles and nerves that control eye movement may not be fully developed yet when they are born, which increases the risk of strabismus.

Tests that help diagnose eye crossing

A phoropter helps correct vision problems that may lead to eye crossing.

Eye exam

An eye exam is often the first step in diagnosing eye crossing. This examination may include checking for a wandering eye, testing the coordination between both eyes, and using a phoropter to measure the patient's refractive error.

Neurological exam

In some cases, a neurological exam may be necessary to identify any underlying neurological disorders contributing to eye crossing. This exam evaluates the patient's brain, nerves, and muscle function to pinpoint potential issues causing strabismus.

Imaging tests

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can be used to identify structural abnormalities, tumors, or other issues that may be causing eye-crossing.

Vision tests

A comprehensive vision test is crucial in determining the extent of vision problems associated with eye-crossing. These tests evaluate the patient's visual acuity, depth perception, and ability to focus. They can help the eye care professional understand the severity of the issue and tailor the treatment plan accordingly.

How do cross-eyed people see?

Strabismus can make it hard to judge distances when catching a ball.

A person with crossed eyes may see the world differently than someone with normal vision, and this can vary depending on the severity of the condition and which eye is affected. Sometimes, the brain can ignore the input from one of the eyes to prevent seeing double. As a result, the person relies on only one eye to see, which can make it challenging to judge distances accurately.

This can affect tasks that require depth perception, such as catching a ball or driving a car. In other cases, the brain may attempt to fuse the images from both eyes, leading to double vision. This can cause discomfort and headaches and make it difficult to focus on objects or perform everyday activities.

Sometimes, double vision in individuals with crossed eyes can come and go. It may occur when the person is tired or when they are looking at specific objects. It's important to note that not all people with crossed eyes will experience the same visual effects, as it depends on the severity of the condition and how it affects the individual's vision.

Treatments for eye crossing

Corrective lenses

Prescribed corrective lenses can help improve eye focus affected by refractive errors.

In cases where crossed eyes are caused or exacerbated by refractive errors, corrective lenses prescribed using a phoropter may help improve the focus of the misaligned eyes.

Corrective lenses, whether in the form of glasses or contact lenses, can help by reducing strain on the eye muscles, allowing them to work together more effectively and improving focus.

Eye patches or occlusion therapy

Over time, wearing eye patches may improve the eyes' alignment and overall vision. Source: eBay

In cases of amblyopia or 'lazy eye,' occlusion therapy may be recommended. This treatment means covering the stronger eye with a patch to make the weaker eye work harder and improve its vision.

Surgery

In more severe cases or when other treatments have not been effective, surgery may be necessary to correct eye crossing. During the procedure, the surgeon will adjust the muscles responsible for eye movement, helping to realign the eyes.

Vision therapy

This non-surgical treatment option involves a series of eye exercises and activities designed to improve eye coordination, focus, and alignment. Under the guidance of an eye care professional, patients can train their eyes to work together more effectively to reduce the symptoms of eye crossing.

Can your eyes get stuck crossed?

Crossing your eyes on purpose is a voluntary inward turning of the eyes. Hence, it won't be permanent.

Contrary to popular belief, crossing your eyes for too long does not cause them to get stuck.

However, it's important to note that untreated eye crossing or strabismus can lead to potential complications. These can include poor depth perception, amblyopia or 'lazy eye,' eye strain and fatigue, and even vision loss in the affected eye if left untreated.

People with crossed eyes may also feel self-conscious about their appearance, which can impact their self-esteem and social interactions.

Safeguarding your vision

Regular eye exams are crucial for identifying and treating eye crossing early, especially for at-risk children. Source: Envision Eye Care

Early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing long-term complications. One way to do so is to get regular eye exams, especially for young children and those at higher risk for eye crossing. These checkups can help detect potential issues before they become more severe.

Staying informed and up-to-date on treatment options and seeking medical help as soon as you feel something is off are also vital for protecting your eyes.

To protect your eyes regularly, make sure to wear the right protective gear during sports or any other activities that might result in trauma from eye injuries. This can go a long way in preventing eye disorders like eye crossing.

Remember, your eyes are invaluable, and caring for them equals an investment in your future. Stay proactive, seek professional help when needed, and enjoy the benefits of clear vision and healthy eyes.

References

• 'Strabismus and Amblyopia', Boston Children's Hospital.

Whether or not you wear glasses, it's important to look after the health of your eyes in every way you can.

One of the easiest ways to do that is to ensure you are getting enough of the vitamins your eyes need to stay healthy. Here's a look at who they are and where to find them.

The Most Important Vitamins for Eye Health

1. Vitamin A (Retinoids and Carotene)

Vitamin A is usually the first vitamin that most people associate with eye health. Sure enough, it supports the functioning of the cornea (the clear layer covering the colored parts of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the clear layer covering the whites of the eye).

Someone with a vitamin A deficiency might not produce enough moisture to keep their eyes lubricated, resulting in dry eye symptoms.

Vitamin A also allows vision in low-light conditions, and so vitamin A deficiencies can lead to symptoms of night blindness. In addition to keeping your vision healthy, Vitamin A improves your immune system, organ function, and skin health, and helps with reproduction, growth, and development.

Foods high in vitamin A include:

• Green vegetables – such as spinach and broccoli
• Orange vegetables – such as carrot, pumpkin, sweet potato, and squash
• Fruits – such as mango, cantaloupe, and dried apricots
• Beef liver
• Black-eyed peas (black-eyed beans)

2. Vitamin B

Vitamin B can help reduce risks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an eye disease that reduces central vision in older people. Some studies have also found that vitamin B3 deficiency can be related to glaucoma, a condition that can result in vision loss.

There are many types of vitamin B with important roles in the body. Some other benefits of vitamin B include improving skin, hair, and nervous system health, improving sleep, making red blood cells, and reducing risks of heart disease.

Foods high in vitamin B include:

• Beans and lentils (B1, B9)
• Chickpeas (B6)
• Dark leafy greens (B6, B9)
• Meat – such as beef (B2, B12), fish (B3, B6, B9, B12), and poultry (B3, B6, B12)
• Eggs (B9, B12)
• Nuts – such as peanuts (B3, B9) and almonds (B2)
• Brown and white rice (B3)

3. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Vitamin C protects the eye against UV light and oxidative damage and promotes healthy blood vessels. Regularly consuming enough Vitamin C also reduces risks of AMD and cataracts.

Other health benefits of Vitamin C include lowering risks of certain cancers (including breast cancer, lung cancer, and stomach cancer), and improving the immune system.

Foods high in vitamin C include:

• Fruits and fruit juices – especially those containing citrus (such as oranges)
• Green vegetables – such as broccoli, spinach, and brussels sprouts
• Tomatoes
• White potatoes
• Cauliflower

4. Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol)

Vitamin E protects the eyes from free radicals and oxidative damage. This prevents tissue and protein damage and reduces risks of cataracts and AMD.

Other benefits of vitamin E include protecting the body's cells from damage and preventing Alzheimer's disease.

Foods high in vitamin E include:

• Nuts – such as peanuts and almonds
• Leafy green vegetables
• Whole grains
• Vegetable oils
• Wheat germ

5. Lutein and Zeaxanthin

Lutein and zeaxanthin are antioxidants that protect the eyes from oxidative damage and blue light damage. This reduces risks of cataracts and AMD.

Other health benefits of lutein and zeaxanthin include reducing risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.

Foods high in lutein and zeaxanthin include:

• Kale
• Spinach – especially cooked spinach
• Collard greens
• Pistachios
• Parsley

6. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids play a large role in hydrating the eye by helping improve tear production. A lack of this nutrient can cause dry eye symptoms such as blurry vision, dryness, and discomfort. These fats also help in forming the cells found in the eye and have anti-inflammatory properties that can help prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Other health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids include reducing blood pressure, reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, preventing heart disease, and reducing inflammation.

Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids include:

• Fish – such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, and anchovies
• Seeds – such as chia seeds and flaxseed
• Walnuts
• Soybeans

7. Zinc

Zinc plays a role in producing melanin, which protects the eye's structures against UV light. Zinc is a part of many important enzymes, some of which act as antioxidants and protect the eyes from damage. Consuming a healthy amount of zinc can reduce the risks of AMD. Research has also indicated that zinc deficiencies may lead to night blindness.

Other health benefits of zinc include improving the immune system and wound healing. Zinc also helps form many proteins and enzymes required to make new cells.

Foods High in Zinc

• Meat – such as red meat, poultry, and seafood
• Beans
• Nuts
• Chickpeas
• Milk
• Wholegrains

Should You Take Eye Vitamins to Improve Eye Health and Vision?

While supplements are available, it is best to try and consume as much of your vitamins through food as possible. If your diet is not providing you with enough nutrients, then supplements are a great way to boost your intake.

The National Eye Institute has the following guidelines for daily vitamin intake:

• Vitamin C – 500mg
• Vitamin E – 400IU
• Zinc – 80mg
• Lutein – 10mg
• Zeaxanthin – 2mg
• Beta carotene (vitamin A) – 15mg

If you are not getting enough of these important vitamins, then it is a good idea to consider taking supplements for your eye health.

It is also important to consider that taking too much of a vitamin may have side effects. For example, taking beta-carotene (vitamin A) supplements increases the risk of lung cancer in smokers. Taking particular eye health supplements can also interact with some medications.

If you have a healthy, well-balanced diet it is not always essential to take supplements. If in doubt it is a good idea to see your local physician for a blood test so that you can find out your levels and discuss the best options for you. Additionally, if you have a diagnosed eye condition (such as AMD), discuss supplements with your optometrist or ophthalmologist.

As well as improving your diet and taking supplements, some ways to promote eye health include:

• Stay hydrated drinking enough water helps your eyes to produce enough tears and keep their glands healthy. This prevents dry eyes and helps flush out debris when you blink. Alternatively, consuming too much caffeine can be dehydrating for the eyes.
• Regular eye examinations As well as keeping your vision as clear as possible, regular eye examinations allow your optometrist to detect and manage eye health conditions as soon as possible. Many eye conditions are asymptomatic at first and can be helped with early management.
• Wear sunglasses this prevents UV light damage, which can cause cataracts and damage to the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye).

References

• "Vitamin A beneficial for eyes, just not for preventing myopia", American Optometric Association
• " Which foods are rich in vitamin A?", Medical News Today
• "Listing of Vitamins", Harvard Medical School
• "What are the best vitamins for eye health?", Medical News Today
• "The Nutrition Source: Vitamin C", Harvard School of Public Health
• "Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Benefits, Dosage, and Food Sources", Healthline
• "17 Science-Based Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids", Healthline
• "12 Foods That Are Very High in Omega-3", Healthline
• "Zinc supplementation might potentiate the effect of vitamin A in restoring night vision in pregnant Nepalese women", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
• "Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS/AREDS2)", National Eye Institute

Many conditions can affect your vision and eye health. While some are easily treated, others cause permanent vision loss and damage to eye structures.

In this article, we'll be taking you through the most common vision problems and their common symptoms.

Understanding the eye

Our eyes are incredibly complex organs. Over half of the cortex (which is the outermost layer of the brain) is dedicated to processing vision – that's more than our sense of sound, smell, taste, and touch combined!

The eye contains many structures, but the primary ones responsible for clear vision include the cornea, lens, and retina.

The eye is a complex structure.

Common refractive errors

Refractive errors are very common and affect over half of the adult population in the United States. These occur when the eyes cannot focus light properly onto the retina (that's the light-sensing tissue in the back of the eye).

Here are a few different signs that might suggest you have a refractive error:

• Blurred vision (distance or near)
• Squinting
• Headaches
• Eyestrain
• Light sensitivity
• Glare
• Difficulty seeing at night

There are multiple types of refractive error:

• MyopiaAKA nearsightedness, which means you have trouble seeing far away. Your eye's focusing power is too strong, so the light falls in front of your retina (instead of on your retina). The more myopic you are, the closer you need to hold something to see it.
• HyperopiaAKA farsightedness, which means you have difficulty seeing up close because your eye's focusing power is too weak. Hyperopic people may have good distance vision, but if the hyperopia is severe enough, they may see blurry at all distances.
• AstigmatismIt occurs when the cornea (clear covering in front of the eye) takes on an irregular, egg-like shape instead of a spherical form. The irregular shape causes your eye to have problems focusing light into a single image. People with astigmatism may complain that their vision seems to fluctuate between clear and blurry, or they see starbursts and halos around lights.
• PresbyopiaThis is an age-related change in which the near vision becomes progressively blurry. The natural lens inside the eye is flexible and alters its shape to focus light properly. Over time, this lens becomes stiffer and thicker, making it difficult to focus on objects up close. Presbyopia begins after age 40 when many people need reading glasses.

Most refractive errors are corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses. However, if you prefer not to wear glasses or contacts, your eye doctor can evaluate your eyes to see if you are a candidate for laser refractive surgery (such as LASIK).

Common non-refractive vision problems

Vision issues can also be related to eye health conditions as opposed to refractive errors.

Some of the most common eye health issues include:

1. Cataracts

Cataracts result from the aging process of the natural lens. Gradually, the lens becomes hazy and yellowed. Most people develop cataracts after their fifties, and approximately 40 to 50 percent of Americans have cataracts by the age of 75.

In the earlier stages, you can have cataracts without symptoms. As they progress, you may notice vision problems such as:

• Blurred vision
• Light sensitivity
• Glare
• Changes in color vision
• Difficulty with night vision
• Double vision (out of one eye)

The primary treatment for cataracts is surgical removal, although most cataracts don't require surgery unless they are significantly affecting your vision or causing other eye health issues. During cataract surgery, you receive an artificial lens implant that restores your vision. The benefit of this procedure is that you may not need to use glasses afterward!

2. Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness globally, affecting over 50 million adults aged 40 to 80. The primary eye structure that's affected in glaucoma is the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In some cases of glaucoma, high eye pressure causes damage to the optic nerve.

The damage is not painful and occurs gradually, so most people with glaucoma do not have symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, you may have issues such as:

• Loss of peripheral (side) vision
• Poor contrast sensitivity
• Blindness (in advanced glaucoma)

In a less common form of glaucoma called angle-closure glaucoma, the eye pressure increases quickly and dramatically, resulting in:

• Eye pain
• Cloudy vision
• Eye redness
• Halos around lights

Angle-closure glaucoma is considered an eye emergency and requires prompt medical attention. If you have these symptoms, see your eye doctor immediately.

Glaucoma treatments prevent further damage by lowering eye pressure, but they cannot cure the disease completely. Therapies include:

• Glaucoma eye drops
• Oral medications
• Laser treatments (such as selective laser trabeculoplasty)
• Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries
• Glaucoma drainage devices
• Trabeculectomy surgery

Keep in mind that any optic nerve damage is permanent, so early prevention is the best treatment strategy.

3. Age-related macular degeneration

Macular degeneration (abbreviated as AMD) is a disease that affects the macula, the structure in the retina responsible for central vision and fine, detailed vision. Several genes that influence AMD have been identified, so it's important to know if you have a family history of this disease.

Additionally, there are environmental factors that may contribute to your risk level, such as:

• Older age (above 60 years)
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Heart disease
• High blood pressure

Depending on the type of AMD, you may experience different visual symptoms:

• Dry AMD occurs in the early stages of AMD. During this stage, the macula becomes thinned and collects yellowish deposits called drusen. Many people with dry AMD maintain good vision. However, there is an advanced type of dry AMD called geographic atrophy, in which severe thinning of the macula occurs. This thinning results in significant vision loss and a blind spot in the center of the vision.
• Wet AMD is an advanced form of AMD in which abnormal blood vessels develop and leak underneath the retina. Some patients develop distortions in vision, such as wavy spots or blind spots. Vision loss occurs more rapidly in wet AMD, and if left untreated, can cause blindness.

Wet AMD is treated with eye injections called anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. This medication reduces abnormal blood vessel growth. Currently, there are no approved treatments for dry AMD, although researchers are developing new therapies for geographic atrophy.

Typically, eye doctors prescribe nutritional supplements for people with dry AMD, which may include lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, vitamin C, and other ingredients.

4. Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye complication occurring in approximately one out of every three people with diabetes. In diabetes, high blood sugar causes damage to blood vessels throughout the body, including the eyes.

There are different stages of diabetic retinopathy:

• Nonproliferativediabetic retinopathy can be mild, moderate, or severe. Once blood vessels in your retina are damaged from diabetes, they can start leaking blood (hemorrhages). Other fluid and cellular materials also accumulate within the retina (exudates). Depending on the severity, your vision can remain relatively normal during this stage. However, if you develop diabetic macular edema, fluid and exudates in the macula can cause blurry and distorted vision.
• Proliferativediabetic retinopathy is the most advanced stage. This type is a leading cause of severe vision loss. In the proliferative stage, abnormal blood vessel growth leads to extensive bleeding and scarring in the retina and vitreous (clear gel filling the cavity of the eyeball).

Other signs of diabetic retinopathy include:

• Fluctuations in the vision (i.e. your eyeglass prescription keeps changing)
• Sudden loss of vision
• Dark or red spots in the vision
• Distortions in the vision
• Shadows or flashes in the field of vision

More severe cases of diabetic retinopathy are treated with anti-VEGF therapy, laser treatments, and a surgery called vitrectomy.

5. Amblyopia (or 'lazy eye')

Amblyopia is a common vision problem in children. Some people call this condition "lazy eye" because the vision in one eye is poorer than the other. However, both eyes can have amblyopia. Most cases of amblyopia develop before age 8, which is a critical period of visual development.

In amblyopia, the brain does not receive normal visual signals and favors the better-seeing eye. The brain may suppress vision in the poorer-seeing eye to avoid seeing blurry or double. As a result, the poorer-seeing eye has decreased vision, ranging from mild to severe.

There are a few causes of amblyopia:

• Refractive errors are a common cause of amblyopia. For example, if one eye has high hyperopia and the other eye sees normally, the eye with hyperopia may become amblyopic. The greater the difference between both eyes, the higher the risk for amblyopia. If both eyes have a significant refractive error, amblyopia can develop in each eye.
• Strabismusis an eye misalignment, which we will discuss in the next section.
• Deprivation is a rare cause of amblyopia that involves a physical obstruction of the vision. Cataracts, droopy eyelids, or corneal scarring are some conditions that can block vision and prevent normal visual development.

The child may not show any apparent symptoms since the better eye can compensate for the weaker eye. However, a parent can look for signs of amblyopia such as:

• Eye turns
• Squinting
• Closing one eye
• Head tilt
• Difficulty reading or learning in school
• Headaches
• Poor depth perception

Amblyopia can cause permanent vision loss if not treated early enough (before the eye fully develops). Refractive amblyopia is treated with eyeglasses and contacts. The eye doctor may add an eye patch to force the weaker eye to see. Deprivation amblyopia may require surgery to remove whatever is obstructing the vision.

6. Strabismus

This type of eye misalignment prevents the brain from seeing out of both eyes simultaneously.

The brain suppresses the eye with an eye turn to avoid double vision. As a result, that eye can have decreased vision.

The eye turn may be up, down, in, or out and may be present constantly or occasionally. Strabismus may appear as a "cross-eyed" or "wall-eyed" look. Although strabismus can develop at any age, most cases present within the first three years.

Sometimes, the eyes can straighten out on their own or improve with glasses and patching.

However, strabismus surgery may be necessary to realign the eyes and ensure normal visual development. If the surgery is performed after the visual system has developed (such as in adulthood), the eye will be realigned, but the vision remains decreased.

When to visit your doctor about vision problems

Differentiating between mild vision problems and severe eye health issues can be tricky since symptoms may be similar. Some signs should increase your level of concern:

• Sudden change in vision
• Double vision (especially if sudden)
• Blacking out of vision
• Dark or red spots in the vision
• Shadows or flashes in the field of vision
• Distortions in the vision

Consult your eye doctor promptly if you have any of the symptoms listed above.

How often should you have eye exams?

Regular eye exams from an ophthalmologist or optometrist are essential to healthy vision and eyes. Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye health exam by age 40, if not earlier.

If you are in good health and don't have any eye symptoms, experts recommend an eye exam every 2 to 4 years if you are 40 to 54 years old. Over 55 years of age, you should aim for an exam every 1 to 2 years. If your eye doctor uncovers any problems or you have risk factors such as diabetes, they may recommend more frequent exams.

Tips to prevent eye and vision problems

Not all eye issues are entirely preventable, but you can reduce your risk for many eye diseases by following these recommendations:

• Don't smoke smoking damages your eye health in many ways by promoting inflammation and blood vessel damage (such as in macular degeneration). It also increases your risk for many systemic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. All of these diseases can also affect your eyes.
• Exercise Regular exercise lowers your risk for many systemic diseases that can harm your eyes and vision. For example, regular physical activity helps maintain your blood sugar and blood pressure.
• Eat a healthy diet some of the essential nutrients for eye health include vitamin A, vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, and flavonoids. Eating foods with these nutrients promotes antioxidant activity and helps combat diseases like AMD, cataracts, and glaucoma.
• Wear sunglassesExcessive ultraviolet exposure can accelerate cataracts and may play a role in AMD. The sun can also damage the front of your eye (cornea and conjunctiva) and even cause sunburns in your eye!

Remember to see your eye care provider for your annual eye exam. Take care of your eyes to ensure a lifetime of healthy, clear vision!

References

• University of Rochester – 'The Mind's Eye'
• National Centre For Biotechnology Information – 'Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004', 2008
• National Eye Institute 'Cataract Data and Statistics, 2019
• Scientific Reports 'Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in the last 20 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review', 2021
• Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) – 'Genetics and age-related macular degeneration: a practical review for the clinician', 2016
• BMC Ophthalmol – 'Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2010
• Eye and Vision – 'Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and related vision loss, 2015
• Unnati V. Shukla; Koushik Tripathy, 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 2021
• BMJ Clinical Evidence, 'Amblyopia in children (aged 7 years or less)', 2016
• Venkata M. Kanukollu; Gitanjli Sood, 'Strabismus', 2021
• AAO Hoskins Center for Quality Eye Care, 'Frequency of Ocular Examinations', 2015

As a society we have started putting much more effort into protecting our skin from the sun – but what about our eyes? Our eyes require just as much attention and UV protection as the rest of our body, and here's everything you need to know!

Why is UV protection critical to eye health?

As with your skin, you must protect your eyes from harmful UV rays. While outside, you are exposed to two types of UV radiation:

• UVA is a longer wavelength associated with aging, which can penetrate the eye and damage your retina (back of the eye).
• UVB is a shorter wavelength associated with burning and skin damage. These rays can pass through and damage your cornea (front of your eye) and lens (focuses light onto the retina).

Common effects of UV exposure on the eyes include:

• Cataracts
• Macular degeneration
• Eye growths such as pterygium or pinguecula
• Corneal damage
• Cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

In addition to affecting the eye itself, too much sun exposure can cause wrinkling, cancers, and uneven pigmentation on the eyelids and surrounding skin. Wearing eyeglasses with UV protection will reduce the risks of sun damage to both your eyes and the skin around them.

What kinds of UV protection can glasses offer?

While regular eyeglasses can absorb some UV light, UV absorption can be enhanced by treating or coating your spectacle lenses. You can get glasses with UV protection by either buying sunglasses or clear spectacles with certain coatings or treatments.

Sunglasses come in many tint colors with different levels of darkness and protect against glare too. You can also purchase specialized sunglasses, such as polarized sunglasses, which further reduce glare and are great for driving and water activities. It's important to understand that polarizing is different from UV protection. While most polarized sunglasses offer UV protection, it's important to read the label and ensure that they will protect your eyes from UV light.

Transition lenses, or reaction lenses, are clear spectacles that become dark outside when they are exposed to UV light. This means that your lenses will be clear inside and dark like sunglasses outside. Transition lenses are best if you are looking for one set of eyeglasses that can be used indoors whilst also providing protection when you are outdoors.

Blue light eyeglasses also offer some UV protection by blocking out shorter wavelength light (400-500nm). As a coating on clear spectacle lenses, blue light filtering will not reduce glare and light sensitivity quite as effectively as sunglasses. However, blue-block coatings can be added to sunglasses to increase the wavelength range of protection against harmful light.

Polycarbonate lenses provide 100% UV protection, while also making your prescription lenses 25% thinner and more impact resistant. The glare and brightness of light outdoors can be reduced in polycarbonate lenses by tinting or polarizing them as you would with regular sunglasses. You can also get transition lenses made from polycarbonate material.

UV coatings can be added onto clear spectacle lenses to provide UV protection without darkening the lens. However, these eyeglasses will not reduce glare like sunglasses.

How much UV protection should my sunglasses offer?

Sunglasses can absorb up to 100% of all UV light, so looking for sunglasses that state this percentage is a good start. Sometimes your sunglasses may have the label "UV400" which means that they absorb up to 400nm (nanometers) of UV light; this is the same as blocking 100% of UV rays.

Some sunglasses may have a lower percentage of UV absorption, which is putting your eyes at risk of damage. You mustn't settle for less than 100% UV protection.

Do transition lenses have UV protection?

Transition lenses provide continuous UV protection, which means that you can use one set of eyeglasses both indoors and outdoors without worrying about sun protection. Molecules in these lenses react with UV light, causing them to darken when you are outside.

While transition lenses are great for UV protection, they may not reduce glare and the brightness of light as much as tinted or polarized sunglasses. This is particularly the case while driving as most windshields have UV protection, which prevents the lenses from reacting with UV light and darkening.

Do polycarbonate lenses need a UV coating?

Polycarbonate lenses block 100% of UV light without any added coatings. Polycarbonate lenses are a thinner, more durable alternative to regular eyeglass lenses and provide sun protection. Although clear polycarbonate lenses will not reduce light and glare sensitivity as well as sunglasses do outdoors, you can get polycarbonate sunglasses or transition lenses.

Do dark sunglasses have better UV protection?

The color and darkness of your sunglasses will not affect how well they protect you from UV light. You can base the shade and color selection of your sunglasses on your personal preferences and lifestyle.

Darker tints are more suitable if you need extra protection against glare or if you spend a lot of time in particularly sunny environments. If you struggle to see clearly with darker tints or if you have no issues with glare sensitivity, then you might opt for a lighter shade of sunglasses.

Sunglasses most often come in a gray or brown colored tint, with many other color options existing for aesthetics. A gray tint is often described as "black" and is a neutral option that is best for reducing brightness and glare without affecting how you perceive colors. Brown tints increase contrast and clarity and are a great option if you want your colors to appear more vibrant. Other common tint colors include green, yellow, and amber.

Do sunglasses lose their UV protection?

Over time, prolonged UV exposure may deteriorate the coating of your UV protection. This will ultimately reduce the full protection provided by your sunglasses. Studies have found that if you wear your sunglasses outside for up to 2 hours a day, they will offer full UV protection for 2 years. After this time, UV protection will gradually reduce, and new sunglasses should be considered.

Is UV protection the same as blue light protection?

While blue light glasses are designed to filter out blue light coming from digital screens, they do have properties of UV protection and glare reduction. This is because blue light rays have shorter wavelengths of 400-500nm, which overlaps with the wavelengths of UV light (100-400nm). Thus, by having blue-block glasses you will receive some UV protection.

However, for maximum protection against UV, it is recommended to wear eyeglasses with a specific UV coating (i.e. clear spectacles with UV coating, sunglasses, or transition lenses). You can also add blue light-blocking coatings onto sunglasses for a wider range of protection against harmful light.

UV protection is very important to your eye health and wearing sunglasses can greatly help with reducing glare and brightness while you are outdoors. If you have any concerns about your choice of UV protection or if you are struggling to decide between lens types, consult your local optometrist to find out what the best option is for you.

References

• "UV Radiation & Your Skin", Skin Cancer Foundation
• "The Sun, UV Light and Your Eyes", American Academy of Ophthalmology
• "What's Blue Light, and How Does It Affect Our Eyes?", Healthline
• "Is the UV Coating on Prescription Lenses Enough Protection?", American Academy of Ophthalmology
• "Recommended Types of Sunglasses", American Academy of Ophthalmology
• "Sunglasses with Transition Lenses: Pros and Cons", American Academy of Ophthalmology
• "Tips for Choosing the Best Sun", American Academy of Ophthalmology
• "Choosing the Right Tint for Your Sunglasses", Verywell Health
• "Equivalence Between Solar Irradiance and Solar Simulators in Aging Tests of Sunglasses", BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Visual ergonomics is a pretty common yet often overlooked aspect of our lives. So – let's tackle that problem right now!

Working long hours can't be healthy for anyone. That's especially true for those who stare at computer screens for extended periods. Then your body protests in small ways – mild headaches, eye strain, and losing focus.

All of these are red flags for your eye health.

You can make positive steps toward maintaining healthy eyes by fixing up the visual ergonomics of your workspace.

Visual ergonomics setup

1. Position screen well
2. Check out blue light glasses
3. Set up proper lighting
4. Adjust display settings

1. Ensure your screen is positioned well

The positioning of your screen or laptop matters in your visual health.

How your monitor's positioned matters in the long run. After all, you spend more than half of your days in front of the screen.

Improper screen positioning can lead to vision problems and physical pain. Mainly in your neck, shoulders, and back. Generally speaking, here are some guidelines to follow when positioning your monitor.

• Adjust the monitor's height. The top of the screen should be at, or slightly below, eye level. Make sure that you're not tilting your head up while working.
• The distance between your eyes and the monitor should be at least 21 inches or at arm's length. If the screen's larger, add more inches to that viewing distance.
• If you're using multiple screens, ensure you place them side to side and close to each other. That can help you avoid excessive neck strain.

2. Check out blue light protection eyewear

Our eyes receive blue light every day

Are you familiar with blue light? Blue light is the electromagnetic waves of the sun and LED devices. You can get exposed via various sources like computer and laptop screens, cellphones, tablets, and flat-screen TVs.

For the most part, blue light is normal. It's present all around us, boosts your brain's alertness, and keeps you awake during the day. However, too much of anything can be a bad thing.

When your eyes receive too much blue light, you're putting yourself at risk of these health problems.

Hang on – what is digital eye strain?

Too much exposure to blue light can cause eye strain and headaches.

Human eyes don't handle blue light well. While your cornea and lens can slightly protect you against damaging UV rays, nothing else in your eyeballs keeps blue light out.

So, constant exposure to blue light over time can lead to eye-related symptoms. A recent study showed that 27 to 35% of Americans admitted to feeling eye strain after using a digital device.

Common symptoms of eye strain include:

• Double or blurry vision
• Feeling like your eyes are sore, tired, or itchy
• Dry eyes
• Overly watery eyes
• Headaches
• Chronic pain in your neck, shoulders, and back
• Problems with concentrating or focusing on a task
• Feeling like you can't keep your eyes open

Blue light can wreak havoc on your sleep

Blue light from mobile phones can keep you awake at night.

As mentioned earlier, blue light keeps you wide awake. While these effects can be useful during your workday, it proves to be a distraction at night.

Your eyes constantly absorb blue light when you use digital devices right before bed and probably beyond sleeping hours. This can affect your sleep-wake cycle.

All human beings follow a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. When your eyes detect sunset light and shades, your body naturally slows down until it's time for sleep. Your brain will also start putting out sleep hormones.

Blue light ruins that by waking up your brain and keeping you alert. Your body will still assume that it's daytime, and you won't be able to go to sleep. Or at least you'll have a restless nap.

You're probably seeing the domino effect now. Blue light affects your sleep; you wake up tired and cranky, rinse and repeat. Too much exposure to blue light might even snowball into chronic sleep deprivation.

So, how can you protect your eyes against blue light?

Wearing blue light glasses can play a big role in your eye health.

There are two ways you can prevent overexposure to blue light.

First off, put down your phone or laptop before bedtime. At the risk of sounding like a parent, try to keep it out of arm's reach. Turn it off if you have to, so you won't be tempted to pick it up.

The second option is to get yourself a pair of blue light glasses. Proper and protective eyewear like this isn't only for visual correction; it can also help filter out blue light.

How is that possible? Well, blue light glasses usually have a filtering protective coat over them.

However, Door2USA Prescription Glasses takes it further by infusing blue light technology into the lens material. This integration means the lenses offer up to 15 times more protection for your eyes.

If you want a pair of effective yet stylish blue light glasses, try out these top favorites from Door2USA Prescription Glasses.

3. Set up proper workspace lighting

Proper lighting in your workspace makes everything easier.

Aside from reducing blue light, you must consider making sure you've got appropriate lighting. Getting all the natural light from your window or having one fluorescent lamp on your desk isn't enough.

Proper lighting is all about the excellent distribution of light across your space. It means you don't have to deal with glares, reflections, or shadows.

Over time, proper workspace lighting can reduce the risk of eye strain and headaches. Plus, it makes your entire workspace safer.

While setting up your workspace, include these steps for proper lighting:

• Hang up some curtains or blinds to deflect sunlight.
• Use fewer light bulbs. Alternatively, use low-glare bulbs.
• Cover bright light bulbs with filters.
• Place your screen to the side of the window rather than in front or behind it.
• When you tilt your monitor, ensure it doesn't have reflections from the window or ceiling.

4. Adjust your display settings

Adjust your screen's display settings according to where you are.

Have you ever tried looking at an overly-bright screen? It's not a pleasant experience. Your eyes will squint and strain themselves, especially if you do it for too long.

So, adjust your screen's display settings according to your eyes' needs. This advice applies to your mobile phone, laptop, and TV. Here are some easy tricks on how to do it.

• Increase or decrease the brightness level until it matches the rest of your surroundings.
• Adjust the text size and color contrast. Ensure you can comfortably read text on the screen without leaning close or away.
• Lower your display's color temperature so it emits less blue light.

Make your workspace work for your vision

Setting up an eye-healthy workspace should be your top priority. After all, this space is where you spend more than half of your day. The least it can do is provide you with a comfortable experience.

These little adjustments and fixes might not seem much, but your eyes will thank you in the future. If you like this article, check out our latest blog update about eye exercises against eye strain.